Nelson Studs Concrete

Images for nelson studs concrete. Concrete Anchors Anchor Stud are designed for welding to flat surfaces or welding in the fillet or to the heel of angles. Length is before weld.Type: Weld Concrete AnchorProduct Weight: 0.2963Material: Steel$3.52Things to know. Headed Anchor Studs are used in all types of concrete connections. They can be welded to a flat surface, Inside an angle , or on the heel of an angle using . Wheel Stud Chart, Nelson Studs. Choose from our selection of nelson studs in a wide range of styles and sizes. In stock and ready to ship.People also askYou will see more English now.What is the purpose of Nelson studs?What is the process of the Nelson stud?What is the standard Nelson stud?What grade material are Nelson studs made of?Feedback Wheel Stud Extractor, 1/2" Diameter Headed Concrete Anchor. The headed concrete anchor studs are designed for welding to flat surfaces or welding in the fillet or to the heel of angles. Several sizes in stock.$156.52 · ‎In stock Wheel Stud Socket, 1/2" x 3-1/8" Weld Stud Concrete Anchors. Concrete Anchors Anchor Stud are designed for welding to flat surfaces or welding in the fillet or to the heel of angles. Length is before weld.Type: Weld Concrete AnchorProduct Weight: .2246Material: Steel$2.67Complementary Results Wheel Stud Stripped, Type CA 1/2 x 12-1/8 Headed Concrete Anchor Weld Stud. Offering Type CA 1/2 x 12-1/8 Headed Concrete Anchor Weld Stud for the professional stud welder, Tru-Weld has been making quality products in the USA since . Wheel Studs Keep Breaking Off, Stud, Ferrule & Accessory Catalog. PDFThis catalog is designed to be a user-friendly source of online information about the Nelson Stud Welding line of studs, anchors, pins, and the standard . Whelen Micron Stud Mount, 1/2" Headed Concrete Anchors. 1/2" Headed Concrete Anchors are most commonly used on embed plates and for composite applications at bent plate/pour stop to anchor the building's edge to .$1.99 to $367.99 · ‎In stock Bridgewater Mall Pandora, Catalogue_2018-2.pdf - Nelson Stud Welding. PDFHeaded shear studs embedded in concrete with an embedment length more than four times their diameter are capable of developing full shear capacity. Spacing is .Nosing Angle Nelson Stud Design. Mar 18, 2019 · 3 posts · 2 authors. of the abutment back wall has a steel nosing angle, which attaches to the concrete via alternating (vertical/horizontal) nelson studs.Type CA 1/2 x 2-1/8 Headed Concrete Anchor Weld Stud. Copyright 2023 by Tru-Weld. All rights reserved. NELSON and NELSON STUD WELDING are registered trademarks of Nelson Stud Welding, Inc. TruWeld is not affiliated .Nelson Weld Studs. We sell Weld Studs, Shear Connectors and Headed Concrete Studs by the piece or by the pallet. BOLTCO supplies steel bridge fabricators, structural steel . White Studded, Introducing the Nelson Stud Weldable Rebar System - YouTube. See how Nelson stud weldable rebar revolutionizes the way building can happen. The stud welding advantage — the average time per stud weld .YouTube · STANLEY Engineered Fastening · Apr 6, 20201:01 Whitewood Vs Douglas Fir Studs, Weld Stud 1/2" X 4-1/8". Our weld studs are also referred to as headed concrete anchor. They are made of plain low carbon steel, have a 1" head and are designed for anchoring .$1.25 Wild Diva Lounge Studded Sandals, 1/2 Headed Anchor Weld Stud. Headed Anchor Studs are used in all types of concrete connection. They can be welded to a flat surface, or in the fillet, or on the heel of an angle. Wintex Boar Stud, S"UZZID BE WrZACME TOf~Y CY-AT ALL TIE~S.. PDFJan 31, 1977 — provide a shear connection between the steel and the concrete. The integrity of the weld between the Nelson Stud and. Women's Studded Booties, Principles and Practices of Stud Welding. PDFby HA Chambers · Cited by 75 — Fig. 1. Typical connection using deformed bar anchor studs in a precast/prestressed concrete tee. Source: Nelson Stud Welding, Inc., Reference 1 . Womens Studded Slides, Nelson stud. Nelson Studs A vast range of studs and ceramic ferrules in standard, special shapes and design . They primarily used to anchor concrete to a steel beam. Wood Stud Anchors, NELSON STUD WELDING H4L. PDFNELSON STUD WELDING. SPECIFICATION: H4L Headed Concrete Anchors (HCA). Nelson headed concrete anchors deliver code specified embedded tension and.NELSON STUD WELDING NELSON STUD - Traydec. PDFNormal weight concrete. 8. Check the tension capacity (if applicable) according to NZS 2327:2007, Clause 3.6.2.5. Welded Headed Stud in Solid Slabs.Ferrules and concrete – SMD. This question was investigated by Nelson Stud Welding back in 2006 (Removal of Broken Ferrules-WTD dated 31/01/06) with the conclusion that the answer is NO .A Review of Headed-Stud Design Criteria in the Sixth .. PDFof headed-stud anchors loaded in shear, as used in precast concrete . Lehigh University that was sponsored by Nelson Stud Weld-. Xotic Head Studs 5.9 Cummins, steel interchange. PDFclear cover between the top of the headed stud and the top of the concrete slab. We have a project with composite beams composed of steel beams with 3-in. metal . Xotic Head Studs Review, Stacking or Piggybacking of Headed Studs. PDFThis technique is frequently used on steel to concrete embedment connections. Stud welding of one . Nelson Stud Welding in Germany participated in the. Xotic Performance Head Studs, Welding Nelson studs questions. Jul 11, 2015 — Adama- Nelson studs are large things that look like the head of a huge nail that are welded to steel beams before concrete pouring so the . Y2k Studded Belt, 5/8" Headed Concrete Weld Studs Steel. Headed Concrete Studs, also called Anchors, are used for anchoring steel plates and other shapes into concrete. Each Stud comes with a Ferrule ceramic cap .Material: Low Carbon SteelProduct Type: Headed Weld StudsHead Height: ~5/16" Rating: 5 · ‎2 reviews · ‎Free delivery over $250 Yoshi Island Stud, Edge distance in concrete for nelson embedded studs?. May 19, 2023 — 1/2” thick studs, 2” long, under a 3/4” steel plate (6”x6”). 2 studs per plate. 4000psi concrete, 4” thick, #4 rebar (12” O.C.) Embedded . Young Gay Studs, Nelson stud or substitution stud for your project?. Mar 9, 2020 — Nelson stud or subsitution stud is a question for some end user, . Shear connectors, Concrete anchors, Punching resistor studs, Inserts, . Young Hung Stud, Nelson stud. Nelson deformed bar anchors are used for deep embedment anchors in such . Nelson Stud Welding Headed Studs H4L - Concrete Anchor H4L 1/2 X 4 1/8 MS.Headed Concrete Anchors | Hanlon Stud Welding. FERRULES: All orders for studs include required ferrules. FLUX: Studs are solid fluxed. Privacy Policy Terms of Service. NELSON, PROWELD and NELSON STUD WELDING .Nelson Weld Studs. S3L Shear Connectors · H4L Concrete Anchors · PSR Punching Shear Resistor · D2L Deformed Bar Anchors · NEW D6L A706 Stud Weldable Rebar · More In-Stock Studs.Headed Concrete Weld Studs. Weld Studs join a stud and another piece of metal together by heating both parts with an arc. They primarily used to anchor concrete to a steel beam. Stud . Zircon Stud Finder Hd25, Nelson Stud Welding - H4L Concrete Anchor Image. Nelson Stud Welding has the following images in their gallery. . Nelson headed concrete anchors deliver code specified embedded tension and shear strength . 8mm Sterling Silver Ball Stud Earrings, Nelson Studs Through Decking Ferrule for Construction. Product Detail · Additional Info · Product Description · Shear Connector Studs are designed to tie the concrete to the steel beams and to resist shear loadings. Aquamarine Stud Earrings Sterling Silver, Stainless Steel Nelson Studs | Products & Suppliers. Stainless Steel Ilars and Shapes: AS'I'M A 276. Concrete Anchors: ASTM A 108. low-carbon steel. hcaded stud typc. Nelson Stud Welding Company 'l'ype I14L. Diamond Accent Cushion Stud Earrings In Sterling Silver, Embed Plates and Curb Angles. Embed Plates are the best way to attach concrete to steel. Along with Curb Angles, Embed Plates are made by Welding Studs to steel plate and angle. Genuine Turquoise Stud Earrings Sterling Silver, Nelson Stud. Discover more nelson stud that can hold materials together for structural stability. . China OEM ODM ML15 nelson headed anchor concrete weld studs.$0.01 Mini Sterling Silver Stud Earrings, Nelson Studs Concrete Anchors - 3D Warehouse - SketchUp. May 4, 2015 — Nelson Studs - Concrete Anchors. S3L - Shear Connectors D2L - Deformed Anchors #Concrete_Anchors #Studs. View In AR. Download.Lot Of 75 Nelson 5/8" X 6 9/16" Headed Anchor Weld Stud - P/n$450.52Pre-ownedeBay - truckliner_partsLot Of 75 Nelson 5/8" X 6 9/16" Headed Anchor Weld Stud - P/n$450.52Pre-ownedeBay - truckliner_partsHeaded Concrete Weld Studs Steel$2.22AlbanyCountyFasteners.com5.0(2)Headed Concrete Weld Studs Steel$2.22AlbanyCountyFasteners.com5.0(2)Lot Of 70 Rusty Nelson 5/8" X 6 9/16" Anchor Weld Stud - P/n:$500.52Pre-ownedeBay - truckliner_partsLot Of 70 Rusty Nelson 5/8" X 6 9/16" Anchor Weld Stud - P/n:$500.52Pre-ownedeBay - truckliner_partsLot Of 13 Rusty Nelson 5/8" X 6 9/16" Anchor Weld Stud - P/n:$100.42Pre-ownedeBay - truckliner_partsLot Of 13 Rusty Nelson 5/8" X 6 9/16" Anchor Weld Stud - P/n:$100.42Pre-ownedeBay - truckliner_parts Sterling Silver Bar Stud Earrings, Nelson Split Second Fastening - YouTube. Nelson's history and the beginnings of stud welding.YouTube · Nelson Stud Welding · Jan 30, 20178:123 key moments in this videostud welding using SMAW. Apr 17, 2004 — This weld is typically used to join all three (stud, deck, joist) . Shear studs are typically placed on the beams supporting the concrete.5 posts  ·  If it were my own house I'd follow the D1.1 code, which basically states that a 1/2" diameter .Destination – D/FW and the world (Case Study). PRECON waterproofing patches and Nelson Stud base plates dot the retaining wall, . The concrete “grabs” soil nails protruding from Nelson Studs, .SpaceX Texas launch site Discussion and Updates. Apr 28, 2021 — I don't think they will be filling these with concrete either, but the Nelson studs confuse that. #3912 by AstroDave on 28 Apr, 2021 14:13. Celestial Pandora, Weld Studs | Steel Supply L.P. | Houston TX - Embed Plates. Weld studs allow structural steel to be securely attached to concrete. . They are sometimes called Nelson studs, but that name is a trademark of one of . Sterling Silver Stud Earrings Birthstone, NELSON STUDS. NEL0050N00812-B, 1/2 X 8 1/8 NELSON STUD. Qty: Add to Quote. NEL0075N00418-B, 3/4 X 4 3/16 NELSON STUD. Qty: Add to Quote. 1 1 2 Inch Sterling Silver Hoop Earrings, 3/4" x 12-3/16" Shear Connect Weld Stud. Diameter: 3/4" Length: 12-3/16" Material: Steel Finish: Plain Unthreaded Upset head type Designed to connect concrete slabs to load bearing beams.$4.29 · ‎$400 delivery 20mm Sterling Silver Hoop Earrings, Shear Connector Studs - Studco. Shear Connector Studs, also known as Concrete Anchors or Nelson Studs, are used in Multi-Storey Steel Concrete Composite structures for concrete embedments . Double Hoop Sterling Silver Earrings, Welding rebar and Nelson stud!. Apr 15, 2012 — these days im working with a lot of concrete stuff wich i have to do in the shop, just some bend rebars to weld on project just to make a small . Hypoallergenic Sterling Silver Hoop Earrings, Galvanized Angle Iron | A36 Hot Rolled Iron with Nelson .. They are used to add strength to concrete trenches. The lip of the angle iron serves as a railing for the placement of the steel grates. This angle iron lip . Sterling Silver Bead Hoop Earrings, Nelson | Stanley Engineered Fastening - DB Roberts. S3L Shear Connectors; H4L Concrete Anchors; PSR Punching Shear Resistor; D2L Deformed Bar Anchors; D6L A706 Stud Weldable Rebar; Nelson Weld Studs; Nelson Weld .Fatigue Strength of 3/4 Inch Studs in Lightweight Concrete .. PDFby HG Lehman · 1965 · Cited by 14 — On each face of the A36 steel stub column. 3/4" Nelson studs were placed by an automatic welder. The studs were arranged in pairs, spaced six inches on center, .ProSteel Supplies Inc. 的更多视频. · Translate this pageThis is what we are working on today.concrete embeds with Nelson studs welded on.Facebook · ProSteel Supplies Inc. · Sep 26, 20190:074HCA (headed concrete anchors) - Advance Steel. Jul 17, 2019 — Not finding the Headed Concrete Anchors but find the 3HL. I don't want shear studs. . I see there are the Nelson H3L shear studs, but what Sterling Silver Beaded Hoop Earrings, Catalogo Nelson Stud | PDF. 2 |" Z ~ The Nelson System Nelson Stud Welding is the worle's leading . Nelson pioneered the use of siud welded shear connec rs, headed concrete and . Sterling Silver Butterfly Hoop Earrings, Nelson stud.. Stud Welding Applications: Concrete Connections, Nelson Stud Welding, Inc.Box: 16101,RAK Free Trade Zone,Ras Al Khaimah, U.74. This process, also known as . Sterling Silver Diamond Hoop Earrings 1 4 Ct Tw, NELSON Shear Stud / Shear Connector. Nelson Stud Welding Systems is regarded by many as the best in the market for providing high-strength fasteners that can stand up to the most demanding of . Sterling Silver Hoop Earrings 20mm, Shear Studs. Nov 4, 2014 — For a section to be "fully composite" the shear anchors must provide strength that equals or exceeds the maximum V' resulting from concrete . Sterling Silver Hoop Earrings 60mm, Nelson stud.. H. Stud Welding Applications: Concrete Connections, Nelson Stud Welding, Inc.Box: 16101,RAK Free Trade Zone,Ras Al Khaimah, U.74. Length: 0. Sterling Silver Hoop Earrings With Charm, Nelson stud. Both the weld time and weld current areEasy-Install Female-Threaded Anchors for Concrete. Nelson ® offers a complete line of portable and feed stud welding . Celestial Stars Pandora, Caltrans District 4. · Translate this pageApr 28, 2020 — #101AlemanyProject welding the Nelson studs, which anchors the concrete deck to the steel girders. Concrete pour is planned for later .Nelson Stud with High Quality and Good Appearance. Nelson Stud with High Quality and Good Appearance, Find Details about Concrete Shear Stud, ISO13918 Shear Stud from Nelson Stud with High Quality and Good . Rating: 5 · ‎Review by MIC_BUYER · ‎$700.00 · ‎In stockNelson stud. S. Stainless Steel J-Hook Anchors for Wet Concrete. Weld Studs.Nelson's . Nelson Stud Welding Headed Studs H4L - Concrete Anchor H4L 1/2 X 4 1/8 MS.Strong and weak position shear stud locations.. The difference in strength is partly attributable to the differences in the amount of concrete between the stud and the web of the deck that is nearest to . Sterling Silver Rectangle Hoop Earrings, Contractor - Structural Steel Stud. Quality stud work is required to correctly form an interlocking matrix with the concrete poured on top of steel decking. Our specialized machines allow us . Ariella Earrings Vivienne Westwood, Nelson stud.. Weld Studs; Equipment;NELSON STUD WELDING INC. customers can also get . Welded Stud Capacity in Concrete.load, from the free edge of concrete to the . Broken Pearl Earrings Vivienne Westwood, Nelson stud.. Steel J-Hook Anchors for Wet Concrete. Nelson Series 6500The Library. Tru-Fit Products of.3. Mountable Stud Type Drawn Arc Weld Stud.NELSON STUD WELDING INC . Farah Earrings Vivienne Westwood, Shear Rail Reinforcement. Nelson® PSR Studs (Minimum Values) . chair through punched hole in shear rail; Nail shear rails to formwork to prevent movement during concrete placement .Reduction of Area: 50% Vivienne Westwood Earrings Mini Bas Relief, Nelson stud. Welded Stud Capacity in Concrete.load, from the free edge of concrete to . Nelson ® offers a complete line of portable and feed stud welding systems to . Nike Af1 Sail, Nelson stud.. Nelson Stud Bolt Stock Shear Connector Shear Stud Welding Grade C1015~C1018.CA08-194-11: Type CA 1/2 x 12-1/8 Headed Concrete Anchor Weld Stud. 5/16 dia.co. Chandler Mall Pandora, Product Tags : [ Nelson studs ]. AWS D1.1 shear connector,BS 5400 shear connector,ISO13918 weld stud, · ISO13918 BS5400 Shear Connectors for Bridge Construction/Concrete Project.Nelson stud. Stud Welding Applications: Concrete Connections, Nelson Stud Welding, Inc.Box: 16101,RAK Free Trade Zone,Ras Al Khaimah, U.74. They can be welded to a flat .Nelson stud. Nelson Stud Bolt Stock Shear Connector Shear Stud Welding Grade C1015~C1018.CA08-194-11: Type CA 1/2 x 12-1/8 Headed Concrete Anchor Weld Stud.History of Stud Welding. On the other hand, at the Navy Arsenal in the USA in 1939 (Showa 14), T・Nelson applied stud welding to weld metal round bars or threaded bolts to metal . Gold Diamond Hoop Earrings For Women, Nelson stud. Nelson #. Close. Stud Welding. These general purpose concrete anchors are used in all types of concrete connections. Martin Consultant T.com 5/06 NELSON . Kohl's Stainless Steel Earrings, Broken bones, concussions: Yellow tactile dots for sight- .. 19 hours ago — Yellow plastic studs common on kerbs and crossings designed to help the . The new pre-cast concrete pavers have replaced the "slippery . Men's Black Diamond Earrings 1/4 Ct Tw Stainless Steel, Shear Stud Welding to Metal Decking. The Longitudinal shear connection between the steel section and the concrete is provided by shear connectors, which normally take the form of shear studs. Stainless Steel Diamond Stud Earrings, Learning from Failure in the Design Process: Experimenting .. Lisa Huang · 2020 · ‎Architecture2.7 Concrete detail at La Congiunta. . 2.16Channel glass façade at the Nelson-Atkins Museum. . 2.31Detail of studs in the concrete. Stainless Steel Earrings Allergy, Industrial Structural Components. L-Channel with Nelson studs is attached to the form at grade; this will function as a metal bull-nosing for impact protection. The rectangular plates welded . Check Pandora Order, Perspectives on Literature and Translation: Creation, .. Brian Nelson, ‎Brigid Maher · 2013 · ‎Language Arts & DisciplinesCreation, Circulation, Reception Brian Nelson, Brigid Maher . Christ in Concrete. . Preface by Studs Terkel, introduction by Fred L. Gardaphé. Stainless Steel Hypoallergenic Stud Earrings, The ToolShed - NZ | Power Tools | Hand Tools | Air Tools. . Cable Ties · Concrete, Brick, Paint and Plaster Tools · Craft Tools . Sprayers · Steel Fabrication Tools · Stud Sensors · Table Saws · Water Blasters.Proceedings Symposium Sharm El Sheikh. FIB – International Federation for Structural Concrete · 2000 · ‎Technology & EngineeringFIB – International Federation for Structural Concrete . and connection Moreover, is, studs the effectiveness plane, purpose of 7, in that fatigue as .STESSA 2000: Behaviour of Steel Structures in Seismic Areas: .. Federico Mazzolani, ‎Robert Tremblay · 2021 · ‎Technology & Engineering. HVB 80 Welded headed stud (NELSON) Φ19 mm; h Welded headed studs (NELSON) . (1.04) (0.53) full (1.59) Partial (0.80) Type of slab: -concrete material .The American Architect. 1916 · ‎ArchitecturePLASTER ( See Cement and Plaster ) PLUMBING ( Bee Heating , Ventilation . SLATE : Rising & Nelson Slate Co. , West Pawlet , Vt .; Marbridge Bldg . Stainless Steel Opal Earrings, The Saturday Evening Post. 1910 · ‎PeriodicalsFIREPROOF BUILDINGS OF REINFORCED CONCRETE For Beams , Girders and Arches . Rib sheets and apply the cement mortar - no centering or studs are required . Amber Earrings And Necklace Set, Farmstead, Stock and Home. 1915Minneapolis , Minn . studs for draft sires for many years to come . . I beFIRE BOX Wood , Steel or Concrete Tanks of any size . . NELSON M'F'G CO . Blue Diamond Necklace And Earring Set, Noise and Vibration Mitigation for Rail Transportation .. David Anderson, ‎Pierre-Etienne Gautier, ‎Masanobu Iida · 2018 · ‎Technology & Engineering. James T. Nelson, David J. Thompson, Thorsten Tielkes, David A. Towers, . (13 mm plasterboard on 50 mm studs rigidly attached to the concrete walls, . Blue Opal Necklace And Earring Set, Dr. Dabbs – Grand Theft Armor: The San Diego Tank Fiasco. 1 day ago — Shawn Nelson came with a few screws loose or maybe even missing, . soldiers with whom I served were solid, hard-charging young studs. Blue Topaz Earring And Necklace Set, Sweet's Architectural Catalog File - Page xvii - Google Books Result. 1911 · ‎Building materialsC. T. Nelson Co. , 766-67 . . Campfield Raggle Block , Wall Coping , Oakum , Cement , Brick and Water Tables . Trussed Concrete Steel Co. , 246-47 . Cartier Necklace And Earring Set, Stainless Fixtures and Fittings - Anzor Fasteners New Zealand. Threaded rod and studs · Stainless Coachbolt Coachbolts · Stainless Hex Coachscrew . Fischer Chemicals · Stainless Fischer FBSII Concrete Bolt . Cat Necklace And Earring Set, Stine Home + Yard : The Family You Can Build Around™. deck and siding stains · lacquer · masonry and concrete stains · varnish · wood stains . 4x6 treated · 6x6 treated · 8x8 treated · timbers treated · studs .Types of steel beam connections. Touch device users .. I know one of the ways is to use a nailer with nelson studs on top of the steel . On the other hand, the connection between steel beam and concrete is .Sneakers - Wikipedia. . as "boots" or "studs". The word "sneaker" is often attributed to American Henry Nelson McKinney, who was an advertising agent for N. W. Ayer & Son.90678.cn)提供股票配资1至10倍杠杆交易,首月免息。.ojy. · Translate this pageFraming Lumber; #2/Btr Doug-Fir · #2/Btr Hem-Fir · Studs · S4S Timbers . Concrete & Cement Mixes · Cement and Masonry Treatment · All Masonry. Chandelier Earrings And Necklace Set, Nelson Stud Welding Inc. 101-010-340-G100 | 12A883. Welding Stud, Cfl Type, 3/8-16 Thread Size, 3/4 Inch Length, 100Pk | 12A883 | Worldwide Delivery | +44 203 287 5224 | [email protected] Length: 3/4"Material: Stainless Steel$105.27 Christian Dior Necklace And Earring Set, Symfuhny 100 thieves house. 2 hours ago — . 2022 | ford tailgate district arrowhead | what are nelson studs used for in concrete | feb 23, 2022 | ford tailgate district arrowhead . Cross Earrings And Necklace Set, 90678.cn)提供股票配资1至10倍杠杆交易,首月免息。.mxh. · Translate this pageFraming Lumber; #2/Btr Doug-Fir · #2/Btr Hem-Fir · Studs · S4S Timbers . Concrete & Cement Mixes · Cement and Masonry Treatment · All Masonry. Diamond Cross Necklace And Earrings Set, Mechanical Anchors - Hilti USA. Ultimate-performance heavy-duty expansion stud anchor with approvals for safety-relevant applications in concrete (carbon steel, external thread). Diamond Necklace And Earring Set For Wedding, Toolstation | Low prices on 25,000+ trade quality products. Low prices on 25000+ trade power tools, heating and plumbing supplies, hardware and more | Click and Collect at 550+ stores | FREE delivery on orders over .ecprice › Public › wordlist.ranked. . depends holds concrete editing folder poland css sexcam upload completion . yard disclosure establishment memories nelson faces creates tourist cocks .78 Creswick Terrace, Northland, Wellington City - For Sale. 5 hours ago — . features of a by-gone era, with high studs, ornate scotia, original native matai timber floors, and concrete and brick foundations.